Endometriosis (related)

Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside it, most often on the ovaries and pelvic structures, driving chronic inflammation, pain, and sometimes infertility. It is not classified as a confirmed autoimmune disease, and research describes it instead as an immune-mediated condition: studies show reduced natural killer cell activity, altered complement system proteins, and broader disruption of both innate and adaptive immunity in the pelvic environment, alongside a hormonal environment marked by excess estrogen signaling and progesterone resistance. These immune changes appear to help displaced tissue survive and grow outside the uterus rather than being cleared normally.

Endometriosis is common, with research estimating it affects around 10 percent of women of reproductive age worldwide, and presentation ranges from severe pelvic pain to cases with few noticeable symptoms.

Common signs

painful periods, chronic pelvic pain, pain with sex, heavy or irregular bleeding, painful bowel movements or urination during periods, fatigue, and difficulty conceiving.

This is a plain-language summary for orientation, not a diagnosis. Mechanisms are described as current understanding, not settled fact. Work with your own clinician for your care.