Morphea (localized scleroderma)

Morphea, also called localized scleroderma, affects the skin and sometimes the tissue just beneath it. Research describes a profibrotic inflammatory process in which transforming growth factor-beta and an imbalance among T-lymphocyte subtypes drive an overproduction of collagen, causing patches of skin to thicken and harden. The exact trigger remains unknown, and researchers describe a mix of genetic, immune, and occasionally environmental factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals, that may contribute in susceptible people. Unlike systemic scleroderma, morphea generally spares the internal organs and stays confined to the skin, fascia, and sometimes underlying muscle or bone, particularly in the juvenile form, which tends to relapse more often.

Morphea is described in the literature as a rare condition, though a single, well-established worldwide prevalence figure was not identified in this search.

Common signs

Firm, oval patches of thickened skin, often with a waxy, ivory or yellowish center surrounded by a reddish, purple, or bruise-like ring, commonly on the trunk, and also the face and limbs. Over time the patches may darken or lighten, and the skin can feel tight or hard.

This is a plain-language summary for orientation, not a diagnosis. Mechanisms are described as current understanding, not settled fact. Work with your own clinician for your care.